翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Salt fingering ・ Salt flat ・ Salt Flat, Texas ・ Salt for Svanetia ・ Salt for Zombies ・ Salt Fork ・ Salt Fork Arkansas River ・ Salt Fork Brazos River ・ Salt Fork Red River ・ Salt Fork State Park ・ Salt Fork Vermilion River ・ Salt Fork, Oklahoma ・ Salt Formation ・ Salt Gap, Texas ・ Salt glacier ・ Salt gland ・ Salt glaze pottery ・ Salt Gum, Kentucky ・ Salt Harbour ・ Salt Hill ・ Salt Hill (disambiguation) ・ Salt Hill, West Virginia ・ Salt in Cheshire ・ Salt in Chinese history ・ Salt in the American Civil War ・ Salt in the Bible ・ Salt in the Wound ・ Salt industry in Ghana ・ Salt industry in Las Piñas ・ Salt industry in Syracuse, New York Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Salt gland ： ウィキペディア英語版 Salt gland The salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts. It is found in elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates), seabirds, and some reptiles. Sharks' glands are found in their rectum, birds' and reptiles' in or on the skull in the area of the eyes, nostrils or mouth. These glands are lobed containing many secretory tubules which radiate outward from the excretory canal at the center. Secretory tubules are lined with a single layer of epithelial cells. The diameter and length at which these glands are vary depending on the salt uptake of the species. Salt glands maintain salt balance and allow marine vertebrates to drink seawater. Active transport via sodium-potassium pump, found on the basolateral membrane, action moves salt from the blood into the gland, where it is excreted as a concentrated solution. == In birds == The avian salt gland has two main ducts which are a medial and a lateral. Salt gland activations occurs from increased osmolarity in the blood, stimulating the hypothalamic information processing, sending signal through the parasympathetic nerve activating vasodilation, the release of hormones (acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal peptide). Acetylcholine binds to the receptor on the basolateral membrane of the gland. This in turn activates calcium release in the epithelial cells, opening potassium channels (flowing potassium out of the cells) on the basolateral membrane and chloride channels on the apical membrane to flow out of the cell. Ions are moved into the epithelial cells by a Na-K-Cl cotransporter, also in the basolateral membrane. Increases in sodium opens the sodium-potassium ATPase channels, removing the excess sodium back out across the basolateral membrane and allowing for potassium to come into the cell. An electrical gradient is formed from the chloride ions, allowing sodium to be passed through the tight junctions of the epithelial cells into the salt gland along with minimal amounts of water. As well, mitochondria rich cells are associated with changes in salt concentration, increasing with higher amounts and decreasing with lower exposure, assisting in the movement of salts. These glands excrete the hypertonic sodium-chloride (with few other ions) by the stimulus of central and peripheral osmoreceptors and volume receptors. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Salt gland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.